The world of computer hardware can be overwhelming, especially for those who are new to building or upgrading their own PCs. One crucial aspect to consider is the form factor of the motherboard, which determines the overall size and shape of the computer case. Two popular form factors that have been widely used in the past are AT and ATX. While they may seem similar, there are significant differences between them. In this article, we will delve into the history of AT and ATX form factors, their characteristics, and the key differences between them.
A Brief History of AT and ATX Form Factors
The AT (Advanced Technology) form factor was introduced by IBM in 1984, along with the IBM PC/AT. It was designed to replace the earlier XT form factor and became widely adopted in the industry. The AT form factor was used in many desktop computers throughout the 1980s and early 1990s.
In the mid-1990s, Intel introduced the ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) form factor, which was designed to improve upon the AT form factor. The ATX form factor was released in 1995 and quickly gained popularity due to its improved features and flexibility. Today, the ATX form factor is still widely used in desktop computers, while the AT form factor has largely been phased out.
Characteristics of AT Form Factor
The AT form factor has several distinct characteristics that set it apart from other form factors. Some of the key features of the AT form factor include:
Size and Shape
The AT form factor is larger than the ATX form factor, measuring 12 inches (305 mm) wide and 11.5 inches (292 mm) deep. The AT form factor is also more rectangular in shape, with a more pronounced edge at the back.
Power Supply
The AT form factor uses a larger power supply unit (PSU) than the ATX form factor. The PSU is typically located at the back of the case and is connected to the motherboard via a large connector.
Expansion Slots
The AT form factor typically has 5-8 expansion slots, which are used to install expansion cards such as graphics cards, sound cards, and network cards.
Characteristics of ATX Form Factor
The ATX form factor has several key features that distinguish it from the AT form factor. Some of the main characteristics of the ATX form factor include:
Size and Shape
The ATX form factor is smaller than the AT form factor, measuring 12 inches (305 mm) wide and 9.6 inches (244 mm) deep. The ATX form factor is also more rectangular in shape, with a more rounded edge at the back.
Power Supply
The ATX form factor uses a smaller PSU than the AT form factor. The PSU is typically located at the top of the case and is connected to the motherboard via a smaller connector.
Expansion Slots
The ATX form factor typically has 3-5 expansion slots, which are used to install expansion cards such as graphics cards, sound cards, and network cards.
Differences Between AT and ATX Form Factors
So, what are the main differences between the AT and ATX form factors? Here are some of the key differences:
Size and Shape
One of the most obvious differences between the AT and ATX form factors is their size and shape. The AT form factor is larger and more rectangular, while the ATX form factor is smaller and more rounded.
Power Supply
Another significant difference between the AT and ATX form factors is their power supply. The AT form factor uses a larger PSU, while the ATX form factor uses a smaller PSU.
Expansion Slots
The AT form factor typically has more expansion slots than the ATX form factor. However, the ATX form factor has more flexible expansion options, with support for newer technologies such as PCIe.
Mounting Holes
The AT and ATX form factors also have different mounting hole patterns. The AT form factor has a more complex mounting hole pattern, with more holes located at the back of the case. The ATX form factor has a simpler mounting hole pattern, with fewer holes located at the top of the case.
Cooling
The ATX form factor is designed to provide better cooling than the AT form factor. The ATX form factor has more room for airflow and supports more advanced cooling systems, such as liquid cooling.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the AT and ATX form factors are two distinct form factors that have been widely used in desktop computers. While they share some similarities, they also have several key differences. The AT form factor is larger and more rectangular, with a larger PSU and more expansion slots. The ATX form factor is smaller and more rounded, with a smaller PSU and more flexible expansion options. When choosing a form factor for your next PC build, it’s essential to consider your specific needs and requirements.
Choosing the Right Form Factor for Your Needs
When choosing a form factor for your next PC build, there are several factors to consider. Here are some tips to help you make the right choice:
Consider Your Space Constraints
If you have limited space, the ATX form factor may be a better choice. The ATX form factor is smaller and more compact, making it ideal for smaller cases and tighter spaces.
Think About Your Power Requirements
If you need a lot of power, the AT form factor may be a better choice. The AT form factor uses a larger PSU, which can provide more power to your components.
Consider Your Expansion Needs
If you need a lot of expansion slots, the AT form factor may be a better choice. The AT form factor typically has more expansion slots, making it ideal for users who need to install multiple expansion cards.
Look at Your Cooling Options
If you need advanced cooling options, the ATX form factor may be a better choice. The ATX form factor is designed to provide better cooling, with more room for airflow and support for liquid cooling systems.
By considering these factors, you can choose the right form factor for your needs and build a PC that meets your specific requirements.
Final Thoughts
In conclusion, the AT and ATX form factors are two distinct form factors that have been widely used in desktop computers. While they share some similarities, they also have several key differences. By understanding these differences and considering your specific needs and requirements, you can choose the right form factor for your next PC build. Whether you choose the AT or ATX form factor, make sure to do your research and choose a high-quality motherboard and case that meet your needs.
What are the main differences between AT and ATX form factors?
The main differences between AT and ATX form factors lie in their physical dimensions, mounting holes, and power supply connectors. AT form factor, introduced in the 1980s, has a larger size and uses a 6-pin P8 and P9 power connector. In contrast, the ATX form factor, introduced in the 1990s, is smaller and uses a single 20-pin power connector. These differences significantly impact the design and compatibility of computer cases and motherboards.
Another key difference is the location of the CPU and expansion slots. ATX form factor motherboards typically have the CPU located near the top of the board, while AT form factor motherboards have it located near the center. Additionally, ATX form factor motherboards often have more expansion slots, such as PCI Express, which provide more flexibility for adding peripherals and upgrading the system.
What are the advantages of using an ATX form factor motherboard?
One of the main advantages of using an ATX form factor motherboard is its smaller size, which allows for more compact computer cases and improved airflow. This can lead to better cooling and reduced noise levels. Additionally, ATX form factor motherboards often have more features and expansion options, such as USB ports, SATA ports, and high-speed networking, which make them more versatile and future-proof.
Another advantage of ATX form factor motherboards is their widespread adoption and compatibility with a wide range of computer cases and power supplies. This makes it easier to find compatible components and upgrade or replace individual parts without having to replace the entire system. Furthermore, ATX form factor motherboards are generally more energy-efficient and produce less heat, which can lead to cost savings and reduced environmental impact.
What are the disadvantages of using an AT form factor motherboard?
One of the main disadvantages of using an AT form factor motherboard is its larger size, which can make it more difficult to find compatible computer cases and power supplies. Additionally, AT form factor motherboards often have fewer features and expansion options, which can limit their versatility and upgradeability. They may also produce more heat and noise, which can be a concern for users who value quiet and efficient operation.
Another disadvantage of AT form factor motherboards is their limited compatibility with modern peripherals and operating systems. Many newer devices and software may not be compatible with the older AT form factor, which can make it difficult to upgrade or replace individual parts. Furthermore, AT form factor motherboards may require more power to operate, which can increase energy costs and environmental impact.
Can I use an ATX power supply with an AT form factor motherboard?
No, you cannot use an ATX power supply with an AT form factor motherboard. ATX power supplies have a 20-pin or 24-pin power connector, which is not compatible with the 6-pin P8 and P9 power connector used by AT form factor motherboards. Attempting to use an ATX power supply with an AT form factor motherboard can cause damage to the motherboard or power supply.
However, you can use an adapter or converter to connect an ATX power supply to an AT form factor motherboard. These adapters typically convert the 20-pin or 24-pin ATX power connector to the 6-pin P8 and P9 power connector used by AT form factor motherboards. It is essential to ensure that the adapter is compatible with both the power supply and motherboard to avoid any damage or compatibility issues.
What are the implications of using an ATX form factor motherboard in an AT computer case?
Using an ATX form factor motherboard in an AT computer case can be challenging due to the differences in mounting holes and physical dimensions. ATX form factor motherboards are generally smaller than AT form factor motherboards, so they may not fit securely in an AT computer case. Additionally, the mounting holes on an ATX form factor motherboard may not align with the mounting holes in an AT computer case.
To overcome these challenges, you may need to use adapters or spacers to secure the ATX form factor motherboard in the AT computer case. You may also need to modify the case or motherboard to ensure proper airflow and cooling. However, it is essential to ensure that the motherboard is properly seated and secured to avoid any damage or compatibility issues.
Can I upgrade my AT form factor motherboard to an ATX form factor motherboard?
Upgrading an AT form factor motherboard to an ATX form factor motherboard can be possible, but it depends on the specific components and computer case. If your computer case is designed to accommodate ATX form factor motherboards, you may be able to upgrade your motherboard without any issues. However, if your case is specifically designed for AT form factor motherboards, you may need to modify the case or purchase a new one.
Additionally, you will need to ensure that your power supply is compatible with the new ATX form factor motherboard. You may need to purchase a new power supply or use an adapter to connect your existing power supply to the new motherboard. It is essential to carefully evaluate the compatibility of your components before attempting to upgrade your motherboard.
What are the future prospects of AT and ATX form factors?
The future prospects of AT and ATX form factors are uncertain, as the computer industry is constantly evolving. However, it is likely that ATX form factor will continue to be the dominant form factor for desktop computers, while AT form factor will become increasingly obsolete. As technology advances, we can expect to see new form factors emerge, such as Mini-ITX and Micro-ATX, which offer even smaller sizes and improved efficiency.
Despite the decline of AT form factor, it is still possible to find compatible components and upgrade or replace individual parts. However, users who value the latest features and technologies may find it more challenging to upgrade or replace their AT form factor motherboards. As the computer industry continues to evolve, it is essential to stay informed about the latest developments and advancements in form factors and computer technology.